Ligament injuries to the knee are a common problem, especially in athletes or individuals who frequently engage in intense physical activity. Ligament injuries, especially to the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), can affect the ability to move, run, or even walk normally.
What is Arthroscopy?
Arthroscopy is a minimally invasive medical procedure used to examine, diagnose, and treat a variety of joint problems, including ligament injuries to the knee. It uses a special instrument called an arthroscope , a small camera that can be inserted into the joint through a small incision, allowing the doctor to see the inside of the joint directly.
Arthroscopy allows doctors to see damage to ligaments or other structures in the knee without the need for large incisions as in conventional surgery. This way, the recovery process is faster, pain is less, and the risk of infection is lower.
Ligament Injuries to the Knee and the Need for Arthroscopy
The knee is made up of several important ligaments that keep the joint stable. Injuries to the ligaments, especially the ACL ligament , can occur due to trauma or excessive stress, such as in sports that involve jumping or sudden changes in direction. ACL injuries are one of the most common types of knee ligament injuries and often require medical intervention to recover.
Arthroscopy is used both to diagnose the extent of ligament damage in the knee, and to repair or reconstruct damaged ligaments. This procedure allows the doctor to:
- Checking the condition of ligaments and other structures , such as menisci, cartilage, or cartilage.
- Performing medical procedures , such as taking tissue samples or repairing torn ligaments.
- Reduces pain and speeds recovery compared to open surgical procedures.
Benefits of Arthroscopy in the Treatment of Knee Ligament Injuries
Following are some of the main benefits of arthroscopic procedures in the treatment of knee ligament injuries:
- Minimally Invasive : Arthroscopy is performed with small incisions, usually only about 1 cm, which reduces pain and speeds up the healing process.
- Faster Recovery : Because of the smaller incisions, patients can return to normal activities more quickly compared to open surgery.
- Reduced Risk of Infection : This procedure reduces the risk of infection because the incisions are small and the procedure is more controlled.
- Improving Accuracy of Diagnosis and Treatment : With the help of a small camera, doctors can clearly see the condition of the ligaments and take appropriate action.
- Minimize Scars : Smaller incisions result in fewer and smaller scars, providing better cosmetic results.
Arthroscopic Procedures for Knee Ligament Injuries
In an arthroscopic procedure for knee ligament injuries, the doctor will follow these steps:
- Patient Preparation : Before the procedure, the patient will be given general anesthesia or local anesthesia, depending on the condition and type of injury. This procedure is usually performed in an operating room with a sterile environment.
- Arthroscope Insertion : A small incision is made near the knee, and an arthroscope is inserted to examine the condition inside the knee joint.
- Ligament Repair : If a ligament injury is found, the doctor will perform the necessary reconstruction or treatment. For ACL injuries, ligament reconstruction procedures are often performed using grafts (replacement tissue) that can come from the patient themselves or a donor.
- Recovery and Monitoring : After the procedure is complete, the patient will be monitored in the recovery room. The patient can immediately move around and do light physiotherapy to begin the rehabilitation process.
When is Arthroscopy Needed?
Arthroscopy is usually needed in the following situations:
- ACL Ligament Tear : If the ACL ligament is severely torn, arthroscopy may be used to reconstruct the ligament.
- Meniscus Injuries : A torn or damaged meniscus can also be repaired with an arthroscopic procedure.
- Other Knee Joint Conditions : Arthroscopy is also used to treat other problems of the knee, such as cartilage damage or joint inflammation.
Recovery Process After Arthroscopy
After undergoing an arthroscopy procedure, patients will usually experience mild pain and some swelling. Recovery and the time needed to return to activity varies, depending on the type of injury and the procedure performed. In general, here is an outline of the recovery process:
- Day 1 to 3 : Initial recovery and pain control. Patients are usually allowed to walk with the aid of crutches.
- Week 1 to 4 : Patients will begin light physiotherapy exercises to improve knee mobility and strength.
- 2-6 Months : Full recovery and return to physical activity depends on the type of injury and the patient's willingness to undergo rehabilitation therapy.
Arthroscopy is a modern, effective and efficient solution for treating knee ligament injuries. With this minimally invasive procedure, patients can receive the best treatment for their knee injuries and return to their activities faster and safer. If you or someone you know has a knee injury.
Article written by dr. Arrio Yusman, Sp.OT (K) Sports Injury (Orthopedic & Traumatology Specialist, Sports Injury Consultant, EMC Pekayon Hospital).