The incidence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) shows an increasing trend worldwide. One of the most common STIs is Condyloma Acuminata (AC) which is caused by Human papillomavirus (HPV), mainly HPV-6 and HPV-11 (in 90% of cases) and occasionally HPV-16 and HPV-18.
Condyloma acuminata is also known as genital warts or cockscomb disease. which appears as warts on the genitals or around the anus. This disease can cause psychological distress that makes patients feel embarrassed and less attractive, thus reducing their quality of life.
HPV is transmitted through contact with genital fluids containing HPV. Transmission of HPV infection occurs primarily through sexual intercourse with higher risks in cases of multiple partners and unprotected sex. If someone has sexual intercourse with someone who has been infected with HPV, the possibility of contracting it and developing condyloma acuminata is 75%. In general, physical abnormalities begin 2-3 months after contact. In addition, about 20% of people with genital warts will develop other sexually transmitted diseases.
What is the clinical picture of Condyloma Acuminata?
- The shape of the wart can be flat, like a cauliflower or stalked.
- Warts can develop as solitary keratotic papules or plaques, and most often appear as lumps.
- Papules or pimples , most often in the area of the penis shaft, lateral part of the vulva, perineum, and perianal area.
- Warts can be 1-2 mm in diameter, followed by volume growth of up to several centimeters or even giant shapes.
What are the symptoms?
- Discomfort, itching, burning, bleeding when in contact with clothing or during sexual intercourse, difficulty urinating or defecating
- In men, lesions appear around the penis or even intraurethra and may be associated with dysuria, hematuria, or active bleeding.
- Some patients describe an unpleasant odor from the affected area.
Vaccination against human papillomavirus (HPV) is recommended for prevention of HPV infection and HPV-related diseases, including malignancies. Maintaining and limiting sexual activity is the most reliable method for preventing genital HPV infection. People can reduce the risk of infection by consistently and correctly using condoms and limiting the number of sexual partners.
Article written by Dr. Tania Azhari, Sp.DVE (Specialist Doctor of Dermatology Venereology, EMC Cikarang Hospital).