What Are Hemorrhoids?
Hemorrhoids, or piles, are a condition in which the veins around the anus and rectum swell. Hemorrhoids can occur inside the rectum (internal hemorrhoids) or around the anus (external hemorrhoids). This condition often causes discomfort, pain, and even bleeding.
Causes of Hemorrhoids
Hemorrhoids are caused by excessive pressure on the blood vessels in the anus and rectum. Some factors that increase the risk of developing hemorrhoids include:
- Chronic constipation : Straining too hard during a bowel movement increases pressure on the blood vessels.
- Sitting too long : Especially on the toilet, can inhibit blood circulation.
- Pregnancy : The enlarging uterus puts additional pressure on the blood vessels.
- Lack of fiber intake : A low-fiber diet makes stool harder and more difficult to pass.
- Obesity : Excess weight puts more pressure on the pelvic area.
- Lack of physical activity : A sedentary lifestyle can slow down bowel movements.
Symptoms of Hemorrhoids
Symptoms of hemorrhoids depend on the type and severity. Some common symptoms include:
- Bleeding during bowel movements , usually in the form of fresh blood in the stool or toilet tissue.
- Itching or irritation around the anus .
- Pain or discomfort , especially when sitting or having a bowel movement.
- Lumps or swelling around the anus .
- Mucus comes out of the anus after defecation .
Types of Hemorrhoids
- Internal Hemorrhoids : Occur inside the rectum and are usually painless, but can cause bleeding.
- External Hemorrhoids : Occur outside the anus and often cause pain and itching.
- Thrombosis Hemorrhoids : External hemorrhoids that experience blood clots, making them more painful and swollen.
- Prolapsed Hemorrhoids : Internal hemorrhoids that come out of the anus, sometimes can go back in on their own or need to be pushed back in.
How to Treat Hemorrhoids
1. Lifestyle Changes
- Eat high-fiber foods such as fruits, vegetables, and whole grains.
- Drink enough water to keep stool moist.
- Do not delay defecation.
- Exercise regularly to improve your digestive system.
2. Home Remedies
- Using an ointment or cream containing hydrocortisone.
- Soak in warm water (sitz bath) for 10-15 minutes.
- Compress the affected area with ice to reduce swelling.
3. Medical Treatment
- Sclerotherapy : Injection of a special substance to shrink hemorrhoids.
- Ligation with rubber bands : Binding hemorrhoids so they dry out and fall off on their own.
- Infrared coagulation : Using heat to remove hemorrhoids.
- Hemorrhoidectomy : Surgery to remove severe hemorrhoids.
- Laser Hemorrhoid plasty: Surgery to shrink hemorrhoid tissue using a laser.
Hemorrhoid Prevention
- Eat foods rich in fiber and drink enough fluids.
- Do not push too hard when defecating.
- Avoid sitting for too long, especially on the toilet.
- Exercise regularly to improve blood circulation.
If hemorrhoids do not improve with home care or cause severe symptoms, consult a doctor immediately for appropriate treatment.
Article written by dr. Hendry Susanto, Sp.B , (Surgeon Specialist at EMC Pulomas & Pekayon Hospital).