Electromyography (EMG) Is one of the electrodiagnostic examination procedures used to evaluate patients with neuromuscular disorders (muscles and nerves). This test functions to measure the electrical activity produced by muscles in response to stimulation from nerves. EMG is often used to help doctors diagnose various neuromuscular disorders, such as Peripheral Neuropathy, Myopathy, Carpal Tunnel Syndrome, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), and Radiculopathy. By performing EMG, doctors can determine whether a complaint, such as muscle weakness, cramps or numbness, is caused by nerve or muscle disorders.
The EMG procedure always begins with a nerve conduction study or Nerve Conduction Velocity (KHS) and the EMG needle examination itself. Nerve conduction studies are performed by attaching electrodes to the skin to measure the speed and strength of electrical signals sent by nerves to muscles. Meanwhile, the EMG needle examination uses thin needle-shaped electrodes that are inserted directly into the muscle to record its electrical activity, both at rest and when the muscle contracts. During the procedure, the patient may be asked to move certain muscles so that the doctor can analyze their responses in more detail.
Although EMG is generally a safe procedure, some side effects may occur after the examination. Patients may experience mild pain at the needle insertion site, bruising, or discomfort that lasts for a few hours to a few days. In very rare cases, the procedure can cause infection or tissue injury from the electrode needles. Therefore, it is important for patients to inform their doctor if they have a blood clotting disorder or are taking blood thinners, to avoid unwanted complications.
Overall, EMG is an important procedure in the medical world that helps doctors detect various neuromuscular disorders. With a better understanding of its function, procedure, and side effects, patients can be more prepared and comfortable when undergoing this examination. If you have concerns related to the nervous system or muscles, consult your doctor to see if EMG is needed as part of your medical evaluation.
Article written by Dr. Nadia Devianca, Sp.N (Neurology Specialist Doctor, EMC Pulomas Hospital).