Fasting has long been recognized as a practice that provides health benefits, but for individuals with kidney problems, fasting can be a challenge. The kidneys play a vital role in maintaining fluid balance, electrolytes, and eliminating waste from the body. Therefore, it is important to understand how fasting can affect kidney health, both in terms of benefits and risks.
Benefits of Fasting for Kidney Health
- Reducing Kidney Workload
During fasting, eating patterns change and tend to be more controlled, which can reduce the burden on the kidneys in filtering metabolic waste. Consuming healthy foods with lower salt content can help maintain optimal kidney function.
- Helps Control Blood Pressure
High blood pressure is one of the major risk factors for chronic kidney disease. Fasting can help control blood pressure by reducing sodium intake and improving hormonal balance related to blood pressure.
- Reducing the Risk of Metabolic Syndrome
Intermittent fasting may help lower the risk of metabolic syndrome, which includes obesity, type 2 diabetes, and hypertension—all of which are closely linked to decreased kidney function. By controlling weight and blood sugar levels, fasting may help maintain long-term kidney health.
Risks of Fasting on Kidney Health
- Dehydration and Kidney Dysfunction
Lack of fluid intake during fasting can lead to dehydration, which can increase the risk of kidney stones and impaired kidney function, especially for individuals who already have kidney problems. Dehydration can also cause decreased blood flow to the kidneys, which can worsen the function of this organ.
- Electrolyte Imbalance
The kidneys play an important role in regulating the balance of electrolytes such as sodium, potassium, and calcium in the body. If a person does not consume enough fluids and nutritious foods during sahur and iftar, electrolyte imbalances can occur and affect kidney function.
- Increased Risk of Kidney Stones
For individuals with a history of kidney stones, fasting can increase the risk of recurrence if fluid intake is inadequate. The more concentrated urine concentration due to dehydration can trigger the formation of larger kidney stones.
- Disorders in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)
Patients with CKD should consult a doctor before fasting. In certain conditions, fasting can worsen kidney function due to decreased blood flow to the kidneys and disturbances in fluid and electrolyte balance.
Tips for Fasting Safely for Kidney Health
For individuals who wish to fast but are at risk of kidney problems, the following steps may help:
- Ensure sufficient fluid intake : Drink sufficient amounts of water during sahur and breaking fast to prevent dehydration.
- Reduce salt and high-protein foods : Excess salt can increase blood pressure, while excess protein can increase the workload on the kidneys.
- Choose nutritious foods when breaking the fast and eating sahur : Consume fruits, vegetables, and fiber-rich foods to help maintain electrolyte balance and kidney health.
- Avoid caffeinated drinks : Caffeinated drinks such as coffee and tea can increase urine production, which can accelerate dehydration.
- Consult a doctor : If you have a history of kidney disease, you should consult a doctor first before fasting.
Conclusion
Fasting can provide benefits for kidney health, especially in controlling blood pressure and reducing risk factors for metabolic syndrome. However, for individuals with kidney disorders, fasting can carry risks such as dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, and increased risk of kidney stones. Therefore, it is important to implement a healthy diet and ensure adequate fluid intake so that fasting remains safe and beneficial for kidney health. When in doubt, consult a doctor before starting a fast to ensure that the condition of the kidneys is maintained properly.
Article written by dr. Dicky Stefanus, Sp.U, FICS (Urology Surgery Specialist Doctor, EMC Cibitung Hospital).