In pregnancy, each trimester plays an important role in the development of the fetus and the health of the mother. Understanding each trimester can help pregnant women maintain their health and provide the best for their babies.
First Trimester
The first trimester of pregnancy begins on the First Day of the Last Menstrual Period (HPHT) and lasts until the end of the 12th week. At this time, physical changes occur, including:
- Pain in the breast
- Skin changes
- Vaginal changes
- Weight changes
During this time, the fetus is developing very rapidly. Major organs are starting to form, and a heartbeat can be detected. This is a crucial time to ensure proper nutrient intake, such as folic acid, to prevent abnormalities in the brain and spinal cord.
Pregnant women begin to experience symptoms such as nausea and fatigue, emotional changes, frequent urination and constipation. It is important to stay hydrated and eat nutritious and high-fiber foods, so it is highly recommended to consult your doctor about the right prenatal vitamin supplement.
Second Trimester
Starting from the 13th week of pregnancy to the end of the 28th week
Entering the second trimester, many pregnant women feel increased energy, because pregnancy complaints have begun to subside. The fetus is growing, and the mother may begin to feel the first movements of her baby. Nutrition remains a major focus; including lean meats, perfectly cooked seafood, green leafy vegetables, nuts, seeds, and oatmeal. calcium, and iron in the diet.
Vitamins needed include: Vitamin D, folic acid, iron and calcium.
The changes that occurred in TM 2 are:
- The stomach is getting bigger.
- Weight gain is around 1.5–2 kg every month.
- Appetite improves.
- Changes in skin color (dark spots on the face or a dark line from the navel to the genitals).
- Hair growth in certain areas is thicker
- Legs cramp easily, especially when sleeping.
- Breasts are sore and enlarged.
Pregnant women are advised
1. Don't wear clothes that are too tight
- Don't smoke, take vitamins and supplements
- Don't overeat
- Educate yourself a lot about pregnancy and childbirth.
Light exercise, such as walking or yoga, is very good for physical and mental health. However, to start light exercise, it is better to consult a doctor first.
Pregnant women will also undergo important screening tests to check the health of the fetus and detect potential problems. Discuss the results of these tests with your doctor to get a better understanding.
Third Trimester
The third trimester of pregnancy is the gestational age of 29-40 weeks, fetal growth is increasingly rapid, often accompanied by physical discomfort, making some pregnant women feel tired, back pain, difficulty breathing, and also a period of preparation for welcoming birth.
Mental preparation for childbirth is also very important. Breathing exercises and relaxation techniques can help reduce anxiety before labor. Discuss your birth plan with your doctor to make sure all steps are well prepared.
Routine Checkups and Mental Health During Pregnancy
Regular prenatal checkups are essential to monitor the baby's development and the mother's health. Tests such as ultrasounds, blood tests, and fetal health assessments help detect problems early. Be sure to schedule regular visits and discuss any concerns with your doctor.
The mental health of pregnant women is also no less important. Stress can affect the health of both mother and baby. Some suggestions for maintaining mental health during pregnancy:
- Make Time for Yourself: Dedicate time to relax and do enjoyable activities.
- Light Exercise: Light physical activity such as yoga, prenatal gymnastics or walking can help relieve stress.
- Talk About Feelings: Don't hesitate to talk to a loved one or health professional about your feelings and concerns.
- Get Support: Join a pregnancy group or community to share experiences.
Emotional Changes in the 3rd Trimester of Pregnancy
As the due date approaches, fears about labor may arise. Mothers begin to worry about whether the process will be painful, how long the pain will last, and whether they can get through it.
To overcome this, mothers need to consider taking childbirth classes. Mothers will learn what to worry about and meet other pregnant women to share their joys and worries. Talk to people who have had positive birth experiences. This can increase self-confidence and eliminate anxiety.
Regular check-ups should still be done to monitor the health of the mother and baby. This is a good time to ask about what to expect during labor.
When to See a Doctor?
Visit a doctor immediately if you experience the following symptoms:
- Severe abdominal pain or cramps.
- Severe nausea or vomiting.
- Experiencing bleeding.
- Headache
- Sometimes accompanied by blurred vision
- Pain or burning sensation when urinating.
The third trimester phase is a crucial time in pregnancy. Therefore, mothers need to consult a doctor regularly to find out the development of the fetus.
Article written by dr. Elita Gustiana Ardi, Sp.OG (Obstetrics and Gynecology Specialist, EMC Alam Sutera Hospital).