Cervical cancer is a serious disease that can affect reproductive health and a woman's body as a whole. In understanding this disease, we need to know the causes and symptoms that can be caused, so that we can prevent, recognize, detect ourselves and know what steps we can take to deal with it. This as a whole will certainly bring better and optimal results.
About Cervical Cancer
Cervical cancer, also known as cervical cancer, is a type of cancer that attacks the cervical area in the female reproductive system. The cervix is the lowest part of the uterus which is between the uterus and the vagina. This cancer usually develops slowly over a period of several years, through a series of cell changes that can become cancer if not treated properly. Cervical cancer is caused by persistent infection from Human Papillomavirus (HPV). From the type of disease it causes, HPV is divided into high risk (high risk) and low risk (low risk). Cervical cancer itself is caused by high-risk HPV. In general, the HPV virus can spread through sexual intercourse and after infection it can trigger the growth of abnormal conditions at the cellular level in the vagina, cervix and anus which then develop into cancer. The main risk factor in the spread of HPV infection is high-risk sexual relations, for example changing sexual partners and/or starting sexual activity at a very young age.
What are the symptoms of cervical cancer?
- Abnormal bleeding
One of the characteristics of cervical cancer that you need to watch out for is abnormal bleeding. These symptoms can occur between menstrual periods, after sexual intercourse, or even after menopause. Bleeding outside the normal menstrual cycle can be a sign of changes in the cervix that require medical attention as soon as possible. - Abnormal vaginal discharge
Abnormal vaginal discharge, which is accompanied by a very strong unpleasant odor, unusual color (dirty yellow or greenish), and changed texture, can be a sign of a health problem with the cervix. Immediately consult a doctor if there are striking and persistent changes in the fluid that usually comes out of the vagina. - Pelvic or lower back pain
Persistent and worsening pain in the pelvic area, waist or lower back can be part of the symptoms of cervical cancer. Pain can also be caused by other things such as infectious processes, blocked ducts and so on. Consulting a doctor is a wise step to determine the cause. - Difficulty urinating
Changes in urinary habits, such as difficulty urinating or discomfort/pain when urinating, can be a symptom of cervical cancer that has spread to surrounding organs, one of which is the urinary tract. This disorder needs to be investigated further to prevent further worsening. - Weight loss
Losing significant weight, quickly, without efforts to lose weight, can be a sign of progressive cervical cancer. Cervical cancer in advanced stages is often accompanied by these complaints, so it is best to immediately be evaluated by an expert before it is too late.
Initial Steps to Take When Detecting Symptoms of Cervical Cancer
If someone experiences symptoms that may be related to cervical cancer, you should check your health by:
- Consult a doctor
See your doctor immediately if you experience suspicious symptoms, such as: bleeding after sexual intercourse; profuse vaginal discharge, cloudy in color, has a strong odor and is very annoying; Unusual and persistent pelvic pain. Through a series of questions and answers, physical examination and supporting examinations, the true diagnosis will be found. - Regular check-ups
An adult woman who is sexually active is advised to undergo regular routine examinations such as an IVA test, Pap Smear and also an HPV DNA test (if necessary). This routine examination can help detect changes at the cellular level in the cervix early before they become cancerous. - Additional tests
The doctor will refer you to additional tests if necessary, such as: colposcopy, biopsy, imaging tests (CT scan or MRI); to further evaluate suspected abnormalities in the cervix and the level of spread of cervical cancer. - Discussion with a specialist or sub-specialist
If the examination results show a high possibility of cervical cancer, the doctor will refer you to a sub-specialist in gynecology oncology. An in-depth and thorough discussion is needed to plan the right follow-up treatment according to your condition. - Psychological support
Cancer is a serious, complex and deadly disease, so in general it is very difficult for sufferers to immediately accept this situation completely and be okay. It is best to seek psychological support from experts or you can also join a support group to share experiences and get support from those who have experienced a similar situation.
Remember that the most important first step is to consult a doctor to determine the correct diagnosis. Then undergo further evaluation steps to determine comprehensive management and treatment options. The earlier cervical cancer is detected and intervened, the higher the effectiveness of treatment and the greater the chance of cure. Always prioritize your reproductive health and carry out regular check-ups.
Article written by dr. Marisa Anindya, Sp.OG (Specialist in Obstetrics and Gynecology at EMC Sentul Hospital).