FUNFACT Obesity has a double risk of causing coronary heart attacks, strokes, diabetes mellitus (diabetes) and hypertension (high blood pressure).
Bariatic Surgery is an operation performed to avoid complications from obesity problems such as heart disease, cholesterol and hypertension.
There are types of Bariatic Surgery that can be performed:
1. Sleeve gastrectomy
As the name suggests, it is an operation in which the stomach is 'slimmed' into the shape of a long sleeve . In this way, there is a limitation on the amount of food that can be consumed. Along with this, the amount of the hunger/appetite hormone (Ghrelin hormone) also decreases. This hormone is mostly produced in parts of the stomach that are cut and no longer used.
Morbid obesity patients (severe obesity) will experience weight loss of up to 70 percent of their excess body weight within 6-12 months after surgery. In the example of Nanette's story above, her excess weight is 60 kilograms, so within 6-12 months it is hoped that there will be a loss of 42 kilograms. This is quite an astonishing number, especially if you realize that the decline is much more persistent compared to conventional diet methods which often cause the yo-yo phenomenon (a phenomenon where weight goes up and down drastically).
2. Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB)
One of the most widely used bariatric surgery techniques for weight loss in morbidly obese patients. There are two mechanisms for weight loss in Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB), namely gastric restriction and mild malabsorption. The operation is carried out by separating a small part of the stomach, then making a small pouch (pouch) measuring around 10-20 mL from the part of the stomach that has been separated. This small bag which will become the stomach can accommodate food in small volumes, causing "restriction". With a small stomach size, it is hoped that patients will become full more quickly.
The pouch is then connected to the small intestine, namely the proximal jejunum, by bypassing the duodenum, so that calorie absorption does not occur in the duodenum, this method is called "malabsorption".
3. Single Anastomosis Duodenal-leal Bypass (SADI-S)
SADI-S (Single anastomosis duodeno-ileal bypass with sleeve gastrectomy) is the latest variant of duodenal replacement surgery, which for three decades has helped obese patients control their weight. The main benefit of SADI-S is that one intestinal bypass is created instead of two, resulting in shorter operating times and reduced risk of intestinal leakage.
SADI-S actually removes less of the intestine than other types of bariatric surgery, thereby increasing the amount of nutrients your body can absorb. However, you need to take vitamins throughout your life.
Because only one new intestinal connection is created in SADI-S, there is less risk of intestinal contents leaking from the intestine into the body cavity. This single connection also has the advantage of preventing the possibility of intestinal blockage occurring in the future, also known as an internal hernia.
Benefits of Bariatic Surgery
- Able to produce weight loss that lasts for a long time.
- Reduces risk factors for diabetes, stroke, heart disease and hypertension.
- Increase life expectancy and improve patient quality of life.
This article was written by dr. Jeffrey, Sp.BD - KBD ( Digestive Surgeon Specialist at Grha Kedoya Hospital)