In some individuals, cold weather not only induces tremors in their bodies, but can also trigger other responses such as allergies. Allergies are often characterized by the appearance of swelling and itching after several minutes of exposure to cold temperatures, whether through contact with water or air. Allergies to low temperatures, also known as cold urticaria, can be caused by several factors, one of which is genetics. The following is a further explanation regarding the symptoms, causes, and proper management of allergies to cold weather.
Cold allergy is a condition when the body's immune system experiences an overreaction due to exposure to cold temperatures. This reaction generally takes the form of bumps or hives that occur on the surface of the skin after the sufferer is exposed to cold air, touches a cold object, or after swimming in cold water. Signs and symptoms of cold allergies can vary from person to person, but some common symptoms that may appear when someone experiences an allergic reaction to cold temperatures are as follows:
1. Swelling and redness
Normal areas of skin that are exposed to cold temperatures have the potential to experience reactions that include significant swelling and redness. When exposed to cold temperatures, the body's immune system responds quickly, releasing histamine and other substances as a form of defense. The result is swelling and redness that can affect the affected area of skin. Deep swelling can vary in size and intensity, depending on how large it is and how long the skin is exposed to cold temperatures.
2. Itching
An intense itching sensation on the surface of the skin is one of the main symptoms that often defines a cold allergy or cold urticaria . Within minutes of exposing the skin to cold water or cold air, susceptible individuals may experience an intense itching sensation. This speed in the appearance of symptoms is one of the characteristics that differentiates cold allergies from normal skin reactions to cold temperatures. This intense itching sensation can interfere with daily activities, especially if the individual is routinely exposed to cold temperatures or if an allergic reaction persists.
3. Skin rash
In some more extreme cases of allergic reactions to cold temperatures, especially in highly susceptible individuals, a rash or red, hot spots will appear on the surface of the skin exposed to cold exposure. Rashes can appear in various sizes and shapes, depending on the level of sensitivity of a person's skin to cold temperatures and how long they have been exposed to it.
4. Pain or burning sensation
When someone experiences an allergic reaction to cold weather or cold urticaria, one of the symptoms that can appear is a painful sensation which can take the form of a burning sensation or an uncomfortable sensation on the skin. This sensation of pain or burning feeling can occur locally in the area of the skin that is exposed to cold or can spread to the surrounding area. This is often one of the symptoms that is felt most clearly by individuals who experience cold allergies, and can affect their comfort level when exposed to cold temperatures or after being exposed to cold water.
5. Swelling of the lips and face
In some rarer cases when someone experiences a cold allergy, this allergic reaction can reach a more extreme level, causing significant swelling in certain areas, such as the lips and face. In some cases, the swelling can be painful or stretch the skin, which can make a person feel uncomfortable even in simple facial expressions.
6. Nausea or dizziness
Symptoms such as nausea or dizziness in the context of a cold allergy may occur as the body's reaction to extreme changes in temperature. This can affect the body's internal balance system and cause these symptoms to appear. However, it is important to remember that these types of systemic symptoms tend to occur less frequently than the skin symptoms typical of cold allergies.
What causes people to get cold allergies?
There are several factors that can influence a person's chances of developing this condition, such as genetic factors, if there is a family history of allergies or other immune disorders, then a person may have a higher risk of developing a cold allergy. Medical conditions or immune disorders can also increase a person's risk of developing cold allergies. Additionally, hormonal changes, such as those that occur during menstruation or pregnancy, can affect the body's response to cold temperatures and trigger cold allergy symptoms in some individuals.
So, what is the proper management method for someone who has a cold allergy?
Management of cold allergies can involve a variety of measures to reduce symptoms and increase comfort. Here are some steps that can help in proper management of someone who has a cold allergy.
- Avoid excessive exposure to cold by wearing warm clothes in cold weather, using gloves, and making sure your body stays warm.
- Using a gentle, fragrance-free moisturizing cream or lotion can help keep skin hydrated and reduce the risk of skin irritation. Some topical corticosteroid creams or ointments can help reduce inflammation and itching of the affected skin. Please remember that the use of ointments requires a doctor's prescription.
- If symptoms are severe or do not respond to home treatment, it is best to consult an allergy or immunology doctor to perform allergy testing and plan more specific management.
- Pay attention to lifestyle habits such as avoiding foods that can worsen allergy symptoms or managing stress well. It can also help in the management of cold allergies. It is important to monitor the condition and symptoms, especially if there are any changes. If symptoms get worse or a serious reaction occurs, seek medical help immediately.
Management of cold allergies can vary according to the severity of the condition. The most important thing is to speak with a medical professional to plan a management strategy that fits the individual's needs and understand how to treat a cold allergic reaction safely. If you experience the symptoms above, immediately consult a professional doctor at EMC Hospital who will serve you wholeheartedly. We are committed to continuing to strive to provide leading health services to help you manage cold allergies properly.
Article written by dr. Hadi Firmansyah, Sp.KK, M.Kes (Skin and Venereology Specialist at EMC Cikarang Hospital).